Avoiding explicit null checks in Java involves adopting practices and patterns that minimize the presence of nulls or handle them in a more streamlined manner. Here are some strategies to help you write Java code with fewer null checks:

Use Optional:

• Java 8 introduced the Optional class, which is designed to represent an optional value that may or may not be present. Instead of returning or accepting null, use Optional to make it clear when a value is optional.

Use Default Values:

• Provide default values instead of returning null. This can be done using the null-coalescing operator (?? in some other languages).

Design by Contract:

• Define contracts or specifications for your methods that explicitly state whether a method can return null. This can be done using documentation or custom annotations.

Avoid Returning Null:

• In some cases, you can restructure your code to avoid returning null altogether. Instead, use exceptions, empty collections, or special values to indicate absence.

Use Null Object Pattern:

• Instead of returning null, consider using the Null Object Pattern. This involves creating a special object that represents "no result" and using it instead of null.

Java 14+ Record Types:

• If you're using Java 14 or later, consider using record types, which automatically generate a compact constructor, equals, hashCode, and toString. Record types can be declared with final fields, making them non-nullable.

Remember that the choice of strategy depends on the specific requirements and context of your application. It's essential to choose the approach that aligns with your design principles and makes your code more readable and maintainable.